10 factors fuelling the spread of HIV/AIDS in sub saharan Africa.

Sub Saharan counties of Africa are all the countries that lies below the Sahara deserts including Sudan.The rate of the spread of HIV/AIDS is very high and below are well discussed factors motivating to the increase.

The countries shaded green including the pale green i.e Sudan.

These factors include:
1.HIV associated stigma.
Many individuals found infected with HIV are usually isolated with their relatives.So most people wont be willing to test since they are afraid of that they will as well be isolated.This will make people to spread the disease unknowingly to their beloved onces like husbands/wife or even children.

2.Poverty
Many sub Sahan countries are poverty sticken areas.Therefore people focus more on their survival than on their health thus engaging on things to do with commercial sex and other staff that increases the spread of HIV.

3.Cultural and traditional practices
These are practices that are believed to be a right of passage from one stage of life to the other.They mainly involves shading of the victims blood.Here we are going to talk on various practices like;
    (a)Polygamy - This is a practice of marring more than one wife.It is mainly practiced in most African countries.The more wealthier one is the more wives you can accommodate.In this case if one victim(wife) is affected then the husband will as well be infected and fainally spread it to all the wives regardless the number.
    (b)Widow inheritance - This is a practice where when a wife has lost his husband,then the brother of the wife has the right to inherit the wife.This as well increase the spread of HIV since if the dead brother was infected the inheriting brother as well will be infected and spread it to his first and other partner if any.
    (C)Oath taking - This a mostly a practise that is done by member of a certain cult society.To ensure that you will entrust the group and never betray it there is always the exchange of blood between the members and this will increase the chances of individuals to get the disease.
     (d)Poor birth attendance - Most native mother don't get good attendance whenever giving birth to newly born children.This on the other hand will increase the spread of HIV from the parents to their young onces.
There are many other practices that we all see in our societies,like Female genital mutilation, traditional male circumcision,incitations like removal of lower six teeth i.e the list is endless.

4.Dry sex
This is having sexual intercourse with a woman without vaginal lubrications.Lacking vaginal lubrications is not all that natural thing but its mainly course by putting contortions on the vagina,using herbal aphrodisiacs, household detergents, antiseptics,using herbal aphrodisiacs, household detergents, antiseptics amongst other methods.Its is believed that removal of the vaginal fluid increase its tightness thus more sexual pleasure is attained but thus on the other hand very dangerous because it increases friction and this develops cuts on the sexual intercourse which might result to the transmission of HIV.
5.Illiteracy level
Most sub Saharan countries  have high level of illiterate individuals thus there is inadequate knowledge of controlling the transmission of HIV/AIDS in the region.The aspect of brain drain as well come in where the educated individuals are working in the diaspora where there is high income rather than their mother land.

6.Religious influences
Most of the religions in Africa are protesting against having sex before marriage.Although this is right,they as well fight against protected sex amongst their congregations.This will therefore make people view protection on the negativity thus encouraging unprotected sexual intercourse.

7.War and armed conflicts
Most sub Saharan countries have continuous endless civil wars.They engage in wars with armed weapons like pangas that they cut one person to the other.In this case even if you don't actually dies there is exchange of blood which might led to the transmission of the disease.

8.Labour and migration.
HIV infected people have the right to move from one place to the other without any restriction.This will make them to move to other places either on work appointments or individuals adventure and meet people who really don't know him/her,any attempt to have sexual relationship will increase the spread.

9.Drug and alcohol abuse.
We all know that whenever we are drunk making prejudged decisions is very difficult.Young teenager occasionally engage in drugs abuse which eventually led them to having sexual intercourses unwillingly with people they might even don't know of their backgrounds thus leading to contacting the disease.

10. Sexual transmitted diseases. (STDs)

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that of the 340 million new cases of syphilis, gonorrhea, Chlamydia, and Trichomoniasis that occurred worldwide in 1999 among men and women aged 15-49 years, the highest rate per 1000 residents occurred in sub-Saharan Africa Research demonstrates that the presence of untreated STDs significantly increases the risk of contracting HIV. Further, an individual who is infected with both HIV and another STD transmits HIV more easily. Both ulcerative and non-ulcerative STDs attract CD4+ lymphocytes to either the ulcer surface or the endocervix, which disrupts epithelial and mucosal barriers to infections and establishes a potential mechanism to increase a person's susceptibility to HIV infection. The presence of STDs does not appear to deter people from having sex in Southern Africa. Men with bleeding genital ulcers reported having sexual intercourse with women, including sex workers. Similar findings were reported among female sex workers in Kenya. Sex workers are at higher risk for HIV than any other group in Africa. Because women are at higher risk of contracting HIV, HIV/STD prevention messages and services should be provided through family planning services.